关键词：佛山木版年画
Keyword: Foshan wood engraving picture
随着2019春节的脚步越来越近，佛山的“年味”越来越浓。不少街坊开始开油锅炸煎堆，给家里装扮上喜庆的新年贴纸。
With 2019 Spring Festival coming, the festive atmosphere is getting stronger. Many people start to fry Jiandui (deep fried glutinous rice ball with sesames) and decorate their houses with jubilant papers.
旧时每到春节，人们必贴年画，而如今贴年画的习俗日渐式微。但在佛山，却有这么一位手艺人，守着木版年画技艺近70年，他就是佛山木版年画国家级传承人冯炳棠。
In the past, when Spring Festival came, people would paste New Year pictures. However, the custom of pasting New Year pictures is fading nowadays. In Foshan, there is a craftsman who has held fast to the artistry of wood engraving pictures for nearly 70 years. He is Feng Bingtang, the national inheritor of Foshan wood engraving pictures (a kind of New Year picture).
冯炳棠在创作木版年画
Feng Bingtang is making wood engraving pictures.
近日，来自光明日报、中国日报、中央电视台、人民网等多家中央主流媒体记者，参观了佛山祖庙展厅正在举行的“年画重回春节”展，并对冯炳棠进行了采访。
Recently, many mainstream media such as Guangming Daily, China Daily, CCTV and People.com visited the “New Year Pictures back to Spring Festival” at the exhibition hall of the Foshan Ancestral Temple and had an interview with Feng.
佛山木版年画的故事
The story of Foshan wood engraving pictures
2006年5月，佛山木版年画经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
In May, 2006, Foshan wood engraving picture was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage.
深受群众喜爱的《持刀门神》
The God of Door with Knifes is popular among people.
佛山年画与天津杨柳青、江苏桃花坞、四川绵竹、山东潍坊各地的民间年画有着一样的共性。在题材上，主要有吉祥图案、辟邪迎祥、民俗民风、戏曲故事、历史演义故事等。在功能上，主要用于新年或岁时节令装点环境、渲染气氛、寄托人们辞旧迎新、接福纳祥的愿望。
Foshan wood engraving pictures has the generality as other folk New Year pictures in Tianjin Yangliuqing, Jiangsu Taohuawu, Sichuan Mianzhu and Shandong Weifang. In terms of themes, there are mainly auspicious patterns, evil spirits exorcism, folk customs, Chinese opera stories, historical novels, etc. In terms of functions, it is mainly used to decorate houses and create festive atmosphere, expressing people’s best wishes to ring out the old year and ring in the New Year.
佛山木版年画《梅花童子》
The Boys with Plum Blossom
佛山木版年画有手绘、木板套印、木印填色三种，以线条粗犷、色彩绚丽、造型简练、构图饱满、装饰性强为特色，具有广府文化的细腻艺术特征。
Foshan wood engraving pictures are divided into three types, hand drawing, wood printing and wood color filling. It features in rough lines, bright colors, concise form, full composition and strong decoration with delicate Guangfu cultural artistic characteristics.
人物衣饰上的花纹用线条流畅的写金描银渲染，俗称“写花”，极富民间画的韵味，是佛山年画的显著特征；在表现手法上，善于结合当地风俗民情，具有浓郁的地方风格。
The pattern rendered by smooth golden and silver lines on people’s clothes is called “writing patterns”, full of folk pictures appeal, which is a distinguishing feature of Foshan New Year pictures.
佛山木版年画套色版
Process plate of Foshan wood engraving pictures
清朝直到民国时期，曾是佛山木版年画行业最为兴盛的时期。在佛山“细巷”，即现在的普君南路，曾云集几十间不同的年画作坊，产品销往广东四邑、广西、湖南，甚至远销东南亚。
Foshan wood engraving pictures industry was prosperous from Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. In Foshan “Xi Xiang”, now Pujun South Road, there were a dozens of different New Year pictures workshops, selling products to Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan and even Southeast Asia.
这样的情况一直持续到20世纪60年代。随后，年画行业逐渐走向衰落。如今，仍在以家庭作坊形式制作、传承木版年画的，就只剩下冯氏一家。
The situation lasted till 1960s. Then, New Year pictures industry headed towards a decline. Nowadays, the Feng is the only one left to produce and inherit wood engraving pictures in family workshop.
冯炳棠12岁开始跟父亲学习木版年画的雕版、套印技术。他是如今少有的能够完成全部佛山木版年画工艺流程的传承人。
Feng Bingtang learned the engraving and printing skills of wood engraving pictures from his father since he was 12 years old. He is a rare inheritor nowadays who can finish all the artistry.
冯炳棠说：“单是雕版要五六年才能出师，要十年作品才能出得了市场，至于面部开相、写花这类工笔功夫，要看个人悟性。我做了60多年，也就最近几年才越画越靓。
“It takes five to six years to learn how to engrave only, and ten years to present works to the market. Artistry like face engraving and writing patterns depends on personal comprehension. I have worked on this for more than 60 years, but I didn’t make it better until recent years.” Feng said.
佛山木版年画展览
Foshan wood engraving pictures Exhibition
想了解更多关于佛山木版年画的故事，就来看“冯氏佛山木版年画展”吧！此次共展出207件展品，包括年画和印制年画的工具——木版。少量展品为冯氏家族的藏品，大部分都是冯均、冯炳棠印刷或雕版的作品，时间跨度为清代至2018年。
Want to know more about Foshan wood engraving pictures? Come to “Feng’s Foshan Wood Engraving Pictures Exhibition”! It shows 207 pieces of works in total, including New Year pictures and wooden block——the tool to print those pictures. A few exhibits are the Feng’s collections and most are works printed or engraved by Feng Jun and Feng Bingtang. The time span is from the Qing Dynasty to 2018.
地点：佛山祖庙售票大楼展览厅
展期：即日起至2月28日
费用：免费
Place: Exhibition Hall of the Ancestral Temple, Foshan
Date: Till Feb. 28
Fee: Free
编译：Jessica
来源：新浪文化、佛山日报、佛山市祖庙博物馆、佛山文化
